Survey

We conducted a survey to 18 random people via internet where we asked questions related to our main topic “what causes poverty?”. Below you will find the questions and the answers we obtained.

General data about the people who took the survey:

As we can see in figure 1 the majority of our surveyed were born between 1999-2004.

Figure 1. Age pie chart.

The surveyed gender is represented in figure 2.

Figure 2. Gender pie chart.

The majority of our surveyed had finished (or were currently in) college, this is represented in figure 3.

Figure 3. Highest level of education pie chart.

In your opinion, what is poverty?

  • Not having enough resources.
  • When people hasn’t have enough money for living.
  • They don’t own any kind of property and they can’t afford education or health services.
  • No access to main sources of food or education.
  • Lack of resources.
  • The lack of the basic needs.
  • Poverty is when a person does not have the necessary resources to cover their basic needs such as food, clothing, housing, etc.
  • Something that is less.
  • Lack of resources.
  • The lack of money.
  • Not having money or resources.
  • When you can’t cover your basic needs.
  • When people doesn’t have the resources to live properly.
  • When a person doesn’t have money to live.
  • Is when people can’t afford some basic things.
  • Lack of basic resources.
  • Not having enough resources to survive with dignity.

How many people do you think were living in poverty in 2018? (According to the United Nations).

Here the correct answer was 74%, we can conclude that the majority of people don’t know how serious poverty is around the world, this is represented in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Pie chart of question 1 answers.

What do you think are the main causes of poverty?

According to Figure 5, the main causes of poverty are overpopulation, governments, unemployment and education.

Figure 5. Graph representing the answers from question 2.

What solutions would you think can reduce poverty?

According to figure 6, investing in education was the most supported solution to reduce poverty.

Figure 6. Graph representing the answers from question 3.

How do you inform yourself about poverty?

As we expected, social media is the main way people nowadays inform about the current situation of the world, this can be seen in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Graph representing the answers from question 4.

Which ones do you think are the poorest countries?

Figure 8 shows that African countries were voted to be the ones having the biggest poverty issues.

Figure 8. Graph representing the answers from question 5.

Do you consider Mexico as a poor country?

As you can see in Figure 9, approximately one quarter of our surveyed think that Mexico is not a poor country.

Figure 9. Pie chart of question 6 answers.

Authorities

Below we present some of the authorities related to our research question “What causes poverty?”

Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena (born June 7, 1955) is a Sri Lankan politician.

He was State Minister for State Enterprise Development in the government of president Maithripala Sirisena. A representative of Matara District for the United People´s Freedom Alliance in the Parlament of Sri Lanka, he formerly served as the cabinet minister of parliamentary affairs, Minister of Media, Deputy Minister of Economic Development, Minister of Foreign Employment Welfare, deputy minister of civil aviation and as the cabinet minister of Investment Promotion. He has been in parliament since 1994 and 2015 is the 21st year in the parliament.
Expertise in post-modern discourse theory, third world, theories of poverty, community development, GIS applications, public scholarship and service learning. Abeywardana has been a proponent of various micro-level development programs to enable the people to improve their quality of life. He is also the Chairman of the Lakshman Yapa Abeywardana Foundation. 

Contact https://www.geog.psu.edu/directory/lakshman-yapa

Image from: https://www.geog.psu.edu/directory/lakshman-yapa

Christopher A. Sarlo is a a professor of economics at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario, as well as a senior fellow with the Fraser Institute.

He is the author of Poverty in Canada (Fraser Institute, 1992, 1996), Measuring Poverty in Canada (Fraser Institute, 2001, 2006), and What is Poverty? Providing Clarity for Canada (Fraser Institute, 2008).  Some of his recent publications include Understanding Wealth Inequality in Canada, Consumption Inequality in Canada: Is the Gap Growing?, Child Care in Canada: Examining the Status Quo in 2015, and Income Inequality Measurement Sensitivities. Professor Sarlo has published a number of articles and studies on poverty, inequality and economic issues relating to the family.

Contact https://www.fraserinstitute.org/fr/profile/christopher-a-sarlo

Image from: https://www.fraserinstitute.org/profile/christopher-a-sarlo

David Merolla is an Associate Professor and Undergraduate Director of Wayne State´s University.

He is a part of the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, and he mainly works for the Main Sociology Office. His research interests and areas of expertise are Race and Ethnicity, the Sociology of Education, Social Psychology and Quantitive Methods. Merolla has a Ph.D. in Sociology, which he studied in the Kent State University in 2010. 

Contact
https://clasprofiles.wayne.edu/profile/en9483

Image from: https://clasprofiles.wayne.edu/profile/en9483

Adrian Furnham is an Organisational and Applied Psychologist, Professor at UCL, Management Expert, Sunday Times Columnist, and Psychology.

In 1979, he was appointed as a Lecturer in Psychology at Pembroke College, Oxford. On 1 October 1992, he was appointed Professor in Psychology.

Contact https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adrian_Furnham2 Twitter: @ProfAdrianFurnh

Image from: http://www.speakersden.co.uk/speakers/adrian-furnham-62/

Mary Elizabeth Corcoran is Professor of Political Science, Public Policy, Social Work, and Women’s Studies.

She focuses on the effects of gender and race discrimination on economic status and earnings, and on welfare and employment policies. She teaches seminars on poverty and inequality and on women and employment. Currently she  a Senior Study Director at the Institute for Social Research, Associate Professor of Political Science, and Associate Professor of Social Work, University of Michigan.

Contact marycor@umich.edu https://lsa.umich.edu/polisci/people/emeriti/marycor.html

Image from: http://fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/mary-corcoran

References

Below is the list of the references consulted for our review.

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Babjáková, J., Džuka, J., & Gresty, J. (2019). Perceived Causes of Poverty and Subjective Aspirations of the Poor: A Literature Review. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 63(3), 325–336.

Bastias, F., Cañadas, B., Figueroa, M. C., Sosa, V., & Moya, M. J. (2019). Explanations about Poverty Origin According to Professional Training Area. Journal of Educational Psychology – Propositos y Representaciones, 7(2), 121–133.

Bhattacharyya, S. (2016). The Historical Origins of Poverty in Developing Countries. The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.13

Chafel, J. A., & Neitzel, C. (2005). Young children’s ideas about the nature, causes, justification, and alleviation of poverty. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 20(4), 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2005.10.004

Corcoran, M., Duncan, G., Gurin, G., & Gurin, P. (1985). Myth and reality: The causes and persistence of poverty. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 4(4), 516–536. https://doi.org/10.2307/3323752

Feldstein, M. (1998). Income Inequality and Poverty (Working Paper No. 6770). https://doi.org/10.3386/w6770

Furnham, A. (1982). Why are the poor always with us? Explanations for poverty in Britain. British Journal of Social Psychology, 21(4), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00553.x

Gillie, A. (1996). The Origin of the Poverty Line. The Economic History Review, 49(4), 715. https://doi.org/10.2307/2597970

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Hill, L. E. (1998). The Institutional Economics of Poverty: An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of Poverty. Journal of Economic Issues, 32(2), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1998.11506033

Hunt, M. O. (1996). The Individual, Society, or Both? A Comparison of Black, Latino, and White Beliefs about the Causes of Poverty. Social Forces, 75(1), 293–322. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/75.1.293

Ikejiaku, B.-V. O. (2009). The Relationship between Poverty, Conflict and Development. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v2n1p15

Lines, T. (2013). Making Poverty: A History. Zed Books Ltd.

Maimbo, S. M. R., Dilip. (2005). Remittances. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5794-8

Mayorga Coy, A., & Mayorga Coy, A. (2018). Contemporary debates on poverty: Between causes, representations, and social programs. Trabajo Social, 20(1), 163–193.

Merolla, D. M., Hunt, M. O., & Serpe, R. T. (2011). Concentrated Disadvantage and Beliefs about the Causes of Poverty: A Multi-Level Analysis. Sociological Perspectives, 54(2), 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2011.54.2.205

Morduch, J. (1994). Poverty and Vulnerability. The American Economic Review, 84(2), 221–225.

Mosley, J. M., & Miller, K. K. (2006). Spatial Variations in the Extent, Causes, and Consequences of Poverty: A Comparison of Rural and Urban Places. Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy, 13(1), 169–177.

Pandey, J., Sinha, Y., Prakash, A., & Tripathi, R. C. (1982). Right–Left political ideologies and attribution of the causes of poverty. European Journal of Social Psychology, 12(3), 327–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420120310

Quigley, W. P. (2006). Revolutionary Lawyering: Addressing the Root Causes of Poverty and Wealth. Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 20, 101.

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Sullivan, D. H., & Ziegert, A. L. (2008). Hispanic Immigrant Poverty: Does Ethnic Origin Matter? Population Research and Policy Review, 27(6), 667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-008-9096-3

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Wilson, G. (1996). Toward a Revised Framework for Examining Beliefs About the Causes of Poverty. The Sociological Quarterly, 37(3), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1996.tb00746.x

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